卢旺达产金盏菊花的黄酮苷类成分

目的对卢旺达产金盏菊花的化学成分进行研究,为进一步开发利用该植物资源提供依据。方法采用大孔吸附树脂、正相硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、反相ODS等柱色谱以及制备型高效液相色谱法等手段进行分离纯化,并通过理化性质与核磁共振等波谱学数据相结合的方法鉴定化合物的结构。结果从金盏菊花体积分数为70%的乙醇溶液提取物中分离鉴定了6个单体成分,分别为异鼠李素-3-O-芸香糖苷(isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside,1)、异鼠李素-3-O-新橙皮糖苷(isorhamnetin-3-O-neohespeidoside,2)、香蒲新苷(typhaneoside,3)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-新橙皮糖苷(quercetin-3-O-β-D-neohespeidoside,4)、芦丁(rutin,5)、槲皮素-3-O-(2″,6″-二-O-α-L-鼠李糖基)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(quercetin-3-O-(2″,6″-di-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside,6)。结论首次对东非产金盏菊干燥花的化学成分进行研究,分离得到了6个黄酮类化合物。     

地黄苷的全合成

目的 合成天然苯丙素苷地黄苷。方法 以D-葡萄糖为起始原料,经乙酰化、溴代、成醚、脱乙酰基、引入保护基和取代鼠李糖、脱亚苄基、酰化、脱除保护基等反应合成地黄苷。结果 首次完成苯丙素苷地黄苷的化学合成,其结构经1H-NMR、13C-NMR、MS和元素分析确证,并与文献数据一致。结论 合成工艺原料易得,方法可行。     

HPLC测定桑叶中绿原酸、芦丁和木犀草苷含量

目的建立同时测定桑叶中绿原酸、芦丁和木犀草苷含量的方法。方法样品用70％乙醇溶液提取,采用Phenomenex LunaC18色谱柱（4．6mm×250mm,5μm）分离;流动相：0．1％磷酸-乙腈,梯度洗脱;流速：1：0mL·min^-1;检测波长：348nm。结果绿原酸、芦丁、木犀草苷分别在3．048～152．4,1．059～52．96,1．437-71．85μg·mL一内具有良好的线性关系;加标回收率分别为100．4％,98.3％,98．7％;RSD分别为1．7％,2．0％,1．9％（n=9）。结论该方法简单易行,准确性和重复性好,可用于桑叶的质量控制。     

天麻化学成分分类及其药理作用研究进展

天麻具有悠久的药用和食用历史,具有抗癫痫、抗疲劳、改善学习记忆等多种药理作用。根据化合物的母核结构、官能团种类及连接方式,对天麻中的化学成分进行了系统分类。首先,根据化合物的母核结构,将天麻中的化学成分分为芳香族类、甾体类、有机酸及酯类、糖类及其苷类、氨基酸类和其他类等6大类;再根据官能团及其连接方式,将芳香族类化合物分为单苄基类、parishin类、多芳香取代糖苷类、多苄醚类、聚苄基类、杂原子芳香族类、呋喃芳香族类和其他芳香族类8小类。主要介绍了每类化合物的结构特征和药理作用,以期为深入研究天麻的化学成分、药理作用及其构效关系、新产品开发奠定基础。     

基于指纹图谱结合化学计量法对何首乌不同炮制品多指标成分分析

目的 建立3个主产地何首乌、炆何首乌、制何首乌共30批样品的HPLC指纹图谱及多成分含量测定方法,结合化学计量法对其进行质量评价。方法 采用HPLC建立何首乌及其炮制品的指纹图谱并进行6种成分的含量测定,通过层次聚类分析（clustering analysis,HCA）、主成分分析（principalcomponentanalysis,PCA）和正交偏最小二乘-判别分析（orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA）评价不同批次何首乌的质量差异,找寻不同炮制品间质量差异性的主要成分。结果 30批何首乌、炆何首乌、制何首乌的HPLC指纹图谱中有20个共有峰,指认了6个共有峰,峰面积占比均在75%以上。没食子酸（峰1）、二苯乙烯苷（峰8）、大黄素-8-O-葡萄糖苷（峰14）、大黄素甲醚-8-O-葡萄糖苷（峰16）、大黄素（峰19）、大黄素甲醚（峰20）质量分数分别在0.59～5.86、4.64～25.83、0.03～3.11、0.01～0.59、0.07～1.98、0.25～1.81 mg/g。方法学考察结果显...     

Effects of acetyl strophanthidin on duration of atrial fibrillation in the neurally-intact and blockaded dog

Summary Although the inotropic and dromotropic effects of cardiac glycosides in atrial fibrillation (AF) are well recognized, their action on AF itself is not clear. Accordingly, to determine whether cardiac glycosides prolong AF, the duration of electrically induced AF, atrioventricular conduction, and left ventricular function were assessed for 30 minutes before and for 30 minutes following intravenous administration of acetyl strophanthidin (AS), 20 g/kg, in neurally intact, -blocked, and -blocked and vagotomized dogs. In the intact dog, AS, 20 g/kg, increased peak dp/dt by 132±35 mmHg·sec^-1, p<0.05, and slowed ventricular response by 16±7 min^-1, p<0.05, but had a variable effect on Af duration. While the increased left ventricular peak dp/dt persisted for 15 minutes after AS, an increased duration of AF was evident only at 20 minutes, when the effects of AS on left ventricular (LV) inotropy were no longer apparent. Moreover, the subset of dogs that did not demonstrate prolongation of average duration of AF after AS had a greater increment of peak dp/dt than those that showed prolongation, 237±52 versus 53±31 mmHg·sec^-1, p<0.05. An additional 20 g/kg, which produced ventricular extrasystoles, prolonged AF duration when compared to both control and 30-minute measurements. Acetyl strophanthidin, 20 g/kg, had a variable effect on duration of AF with -blockde but prolonged duration by 114±34%, p<0.05, with both vagotomy and -blockade. Thus the conclusion is reached that, at a clinically relevant dosage, cardiac glycosides did not exert a statistically significant influence on duration of AF; at a toxic dosage, however, an AF-enhancing effect was apparent. The inotropic effects of cardiac glycosides appear to obscure this effect. An AF-enhancing action of cardiac glycosides in the presence of neurohumoral blockade suggests that the effects on AF may not only be vagally mediated.     

Tripterygium glycosides suppress production of interleukin‐4 by splenocytes in oxazolone‐induced murine colitis

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the in vitro effect of Tripterygium glycosides (TG) on cytokine production by splenocytes in oxazolone (OXZ)‐induced colitis in mice. METHODS: Oxazolone (6 mg in 50% ethanol) was administered to male SJL/J mice intrarectally to induce colitis and the mice were killed 3 days later. Isolated splenocytes were cultured for 24 h in the presence of phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin. A preparation of Tripterygium glycosides at a concentration of either 0.1 mg/mL or 0.01 mg/mL was added to the culture medium of splenocytes. Production of interferon gamma (IFN‐γ) and interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) in the supernatant were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Production of IFN‐γ in the normal control group was suppressed by TG at both concentrations (0.01 and 0.1 mg/mL; 1.24 ± 0.13 pg/mL (samples without TG) → 0.97 ± 0.26 pg/mL (0.01 mg/mL TG) → 0.87 ± 0.18 pg/mL (0.1 mg/mL TG); P < 0.02) in a dose dependent manner. In the OXZ‐induced colitis group, the basic level of IFN‐γ was significantly lower than that of the normal control group (1.24 ± 0.13 pg/mL vs 0.65 ± 0.08 pg/mL; P < 0.01); but IL‐4 production was significantly increased in the OXZ‐induced colitis without TG group (7.83 ± 0.69 pg/mL vs 5.65 ± 0.48 pg/mL, P < 0.01). In both groups, TG suppressed IL‐4 production in a dose‐dependent manner (normal control group: 5.65 ± 0.48 pg/mL (samples without TG) → 4.97 ± 0.38 pg/mL (0.01 mg/mL TG) → 3.98 ± 0.32 pg/mL (0.1 mg/mL TG), P < 0.01; OXZ group: 7.83 ± 0.69 pg/mL (samples without TG) → 7.07 ± 0.47 pg/mL (0.01 mg/mL TG) → 6.35 ± 0.48 pg/mL (0.1 mg/mL TG), P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Oxazalone‐induced IL‐4 overproduction by splenocytes was significantly suppressed by TG in a dose dependent manner and the beneficial effects of TG on ulcerative colitis might be related to the suppression of the Th2 type (e.g. IL‐4) mediated immunological response of splenocytes.     

Pregnane Glycosides from Stems of Marsdenia tenacissima

Objective To study the chemical constituents from the stems of Marsdenia tenacissima. Methods The chemical constituents were isolated by various column chromatography and their structures were identified by spectral and chemical analysis. Results Two pregnane glycosides were isolated from the stems of M. tenacissima and identified as 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-6-deoxy-3-O-methyl-β-D-allopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-oleandropyranosyl-11α-O- tigloyltenacigenin B, named as tenacigenoside I (1) and 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-6-deoxy-3-O-methyl-β-D- allopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-oleandropyranosyl-11α,12β-di-O-acetyltenacigenin B, named as tenacigenoside K (2). Conclusion Compound 1 is a new compound, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR data of compound 2 are reported for the first time.     

刺五加根及根茎中紫丁香苷、刺五加苷E的提取工艺

目的:优选刺五加的最佳提取工艺。方法:采用正交设计法,以HPLC测定提取物中紫丁香苷、刺五加苷E的含量。结果:最佳提取工艺为10倍量的80%乙醇回流提取3次,每次2h。结论:该提取工艺稳定,设计合理,重现性好,可为生产实践提供理论依据。     

玄参中苯乙醇苷化合物的高效逆流色谱技术分离

目的应用高效逆流色谱技术分离玄参中的苯乙醇苷化合物。方法采用高效逆流色谱,以醋酸乙酯:正丁醇:乙醇:水(1:1:0.1:2)为溶剂体系,分离玄参中的苯乙醇苷类化合物,流速3 ml/min,检测波长320 nm。结果分离得到麦角甾苷和安格洛苷C化合物纯度达90%以上。结论应用高效液相色谱技术和电喷雾质谱可快速鉴定化合物结构。